GI Cancers (Stomach, Colon, Esophagus, Liver, Pancreas)

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers include a diverse group of malignancies that affect the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, and pancreas. These cancers vary in their causes, symptoms, and treatments, but all require specialized care. At Blume Health, our multidisciplinary team of gastroenterologists and oncologists offers comprehensive diagnosis, treatment, and support for patients with GI cancers.

Treatable Condition
Expert Care Available
CausesSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentHome CarePreventionSurgery

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What Causes It?

Age (risk increases with age)

Family history and genetic factors (such as Lynch syndrome, FAP, BRCA mutations)

Personal history of inflammatory bowel disease, polyps, or other GI cancers

Lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, and poor diet

Obesity and physical inactivity

Chronic infections (such as Hepatitis B and C for liver cancer, H. pylori for stomach cancer)

Chronic inflammation or conditions like cirrhosis, Barrett's esophagus, or pancreatitis

Environmental factors and exposure to certain chemicals or toxins

Diet high in processed or red meats and low in fruits and vegetables

Geographic and ethnic factors (certain GI cancers are more common in specific regions)

Signs & Symptoms

Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort

Unexplained weight loss

Loss of appetite or feeling full quickly

Nausea and vomiting

Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of stools)

Blood in stool or black, tarry stools

Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

Fatigue and weakness

Difficulty swallowing (especially for esophageal cancer)

Indigestion or heartburn that doesn't go away

Bloating or abdominal swelling

Pale stools and dark urine (particularly in pancreatic and liver cancers)

How We Diagnose

Our specialists use advanced diagnostic methods to accurately identify and assess your condition

Endoscopic Procedures

Upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or ERCP allow direct visualization of the GI tract and collection of tissue samples (biopsies) for analysis.

Imaging Tests

CT scans, MRI, PET scans, ultrasound, and specialized techniques like CT colonography can help identify tumors, determine their size and location, and check if cancer has spread.

Blood Tests

Tests for tumor markers (such as CEA, CA 19-9, AFP), liver function, complete blood count, and other indicators can help in diagnosis and monitoring.

Biopsy

Collection and microscopic examination of tissue samples to confirm cancer diagnosis, determine cancer type, and assess genetic features that may guide treatment.

Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)

Combines endoscopy and ultrasound to create detailed images of the digestive tract and nearby organs, and allows for precise biopsies.

Molecular and Genetic Testing

Advanced tests to identify specific genetic mutations and molecular markers that can help guide treatment decisions and determine prognosis.

Treatment Options

Personalized treatment plans tailored to your specific needs and condition

1

Surgery

Surgical removal of the tumor and sometimes surrounding tissue or organs is often the primary treatment for many GI cancers when possible. The type and extent of surgery depends on the cancer's location, size, and stage.

2

Chemotherapy

Drugs that kill cancer cells or stop them from growing can be given before surgery (neoadjuvant), after surgery (adjuvant), or as the main treatment. They may be given orally or intravenously.

3

Radiation Therapy

High-energy X-rays or other particles are used to destroy cancer cells. This may be used before or after surgery, or as the main treatment for some GI cancers.

4

Targeted Therapy

Drugs that target specific abnormalities within cancer cells, often with fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy.

5

Immunotherapy

Treatments that help the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells, which has shown promise for certain GI cancers.

6

Palliative Care

Focuses on improving quality of life by managing symptoms and providing support, regardless of the stage of disease or other treatments being received.

Home Remedies

Important Note

While home remedies may help manage symptoms and support overall health during cancer treatment, they should never replace medical care. Always discuss any complementary approaches with your healthcare team.

Nutritional Support

Working with a dietitian to develop a nutrition plan that addresses specific needs and side effects of treatment, such as nausea, appetite loss, or difficulty swallowing.

Physical Activity

Gentle exercise as tolerated and approved by your healthcare team can help maintain strength, reduce fatigue, and improve mood.

Stress Management

Techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, yoga, or counseling can help manage the emotional impact of cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Complementary Therapies

Approaches like acupuncture, massage, or aromatherapy may help manage symptoms and treatment side effects for some patients.

Prevention Tips

Regular screening tests appropriate for your age and risk factors (such as colonoscopy, endoscopy)

Maintain a healthy weight

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and limit red and processed meats

Exercise regularly

Avoid or limit alcohol consumption

Don't smoke or use tobacco products

Get vaccinated against hepatitis B (for liver cancer prevention)

If appropriate, get tested and treated for H. pylori infection (to reduce stomach cancer risk)

Know your family history and discuss genetic testing with your doctor if there is a strong family history of GI cancers

Manage chronic conditions like hepatitis, cirrhosis, or inflammatory bowel disease

Surgical Solutions

Advanced surgical procedures performed by our expert specialists

Esophagectomy

Surgical removal of all or part of the esophagus, typically used for esophageal cancer. The remaining esophagus is reconnected to the stomach or, if necessary, part of the intestine may be used to replace the removed section.

Gastrectomy

Removal of all (total gastrectomy) or part (partial gastrectomy) of the stomach, typically performed for stomach cancer. The extent of surgery depends on the tumor's location and stage.

Colectomy

Removal of all (total colectomy) or part (partial colectomy) of the colon, performed for colon cancer. The healthy parts of the colon are typically reconnected, but sometimes a temporary or permanent colostomy may be necessary.

Liver Resection

Surgical removal of part of the liver containing the tumor. The liver has a remarkable ability to regenerate, making it possible to remove up to 80% of a healthy liver.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple Procedure)

A complex operation that removes the head of the pancreas, part of the small intestine, the gallbladder, part of the bile duct, and sometimes part of the stomach. This is primarily used for cancers in the head of the pancreas.

Minimally Invasive Approaches

Many GI cancer surgeries can now be performed laparoscopically or robotically, offering benefits such as smaller incisions, less pain, and faster recovery for eligible patients.

Ready to Take the Next Step?

Our specialists are here to provide expert care for gi cancers (stomach, colon, esophagus, liver, pancreas). Schedule your consultation today.

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