Respiratory Infections

Learn about Respiratory Infections, its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options at Blume Health.

Respiratory Infections

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Causes

  • Viral infections (rhinovirus, influenza, RSV, parainfluenza, adenovirus)
  • Bacterial infections (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Group A Streptococcus)
  • Environmental factors (air pollution, tobacco smoke, indoor solid fuel burning)
  • Poor hygiene and overcrowded living conditions
  • Compromised immune system and malnutrition
  • Seasonal climate changes and monsoon patterns

Signs and Symptoms

  • Persistent cough with or without sputum production
  • Fever and chills, especially in children
  • Nasal congestion, runny nose, and sneezing
  • Sore throat and difficulty swallowing
  • Shortness of breath and chest pain
  • Fatigue, body aches, and headache
  • In severe cases: rapid breathing and wheezing

Diagnosis

Clinical Examination

Physical examination focusing on respiratory symptoms, listening to chest sounds, and checking for signs of breathing difficulty. Healthcare providers assess vital signs and overall condition.

Laboratory Tests

Throat swabs, sputum culture, and rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) to identify bacterial or viral pathogens. Blood tests may be done to check for infection markers.

Imaging Studies

Chest X-rays to detect pneumonia or other lung complications. CT scans may be used for complex cases, especially for diagnosing sinusitis or severe infections.

Rapid Diagnostic Tests

Point-of-care testing for influenza, RSV, and other respiratory viruses. Multiplex PCR assays can detect multiple pathogens simultaneously for accurate diagnosis.

Treatment Options

Supportive Care

Rest, adequate hydration, and symptomatic relief with fever reducers and pain relievers. Most viral infections resolve on their own within 1-2 weeks with proper supportive care.

Antibiotic Therapy

Prescribed only for confirmed bacterial infections such as strep throat, bacterial pneumonia, or severe sinusitis. Common antibiotics include amoxicillin, azithromycin, or amoxicillin-clavulanate.

Antiviral Medications

Used for specific viral infections like influenza when started within 48 hours of symptom onset. Neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir) can reduce symptom duration and severity.

Bronchodilators and Expectorants

Medications to help open airways and clear mucus from the respiratory tract. These may include salbutamol inhalers or oral expectorants for persistent cough.

Home Remedies

Steam Inhalation

Inhaling steam from hot water with a few drops of eucalyptus oil can help clear nasal congestion and soothe respiratory passages. Practice for 10-15 minutes, 2-3 times daily.

Salt Water Gargling

Gargling with warm salt water (1 teaspoon salt in a glass of warm water) helps reduce throat inflammation and clear mucus. Repeat 3-4 times daily.

Honey and Ginger

Honey has antibacterial properties and soothes cough, while ginger has anti-inflammatory effects. Mix honey with fresh ginger juice or warm tea for natural relief.

Turmeric Milk

Turmeric contains curcumin with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Add a pinch of turmeric to warm milk and drink before bedtime to boost immunity.

Adequate Rest and Hydration

Getting plenty of sleep and drinking warm fluids like herbal teas, warm water with lemon, and clear broths helps the body fight infection and speeds recovery.

Preventive Care

  • Regular hand washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds
  • Vaccination against influenza, pneumococcal infections, and H. influenzae (Hib)
  • Avoiding close contact with infected individuals and covering mouth when coughing/sneezing
  • Improving indoor air quality by reducing solid fuel use and ensuring proper ventilation
  • Maintaining good nutrition and addressing malnutrition, especially in children
  • Promoting exclusive breastfeeding for infants to boost immunity
  • Avoiding tobacco smoke exposure and reducing outdoor air pollution exposure
  • Following respiratory hygiene etiquette in public places and healthcare settings

Need Immediate Assistance?

Our team is available to help you schedule appointments and answer any questions about respiratory infections treatment options.

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