Respiratory Infections
Learn about Respiratory Infections, its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options at Blume Health.
Causes
- Viral infections (rhinovirus, influenza, RSV, parainfluenza, adenovirus)
- Bacterial infections (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Group A Streptococcus)
- Environmental factors (air pollution, tobacco smoke, indoor solid fuel burning)
- Poor hygiene and overcrowded living conditions
- Compromised immune system and malnutrition
- Seasonal climate changes and monsoon patterns
Signs and Symptoms
- Persistent cough with or without sputum production
- Fever and chills, especially in children
- Nasal congestion, runny nose, and sneezing
- Sore throat and difficulty swallowing
- Shortness of breath and chest pain
- Fatigue, body aches, and headache
- In severe cases: rapid breathing and wheezing
Diagnosis
Clinical Examination
Physical examination focusing on respiratory symptoms, listening to chest sounds, and checking for signs of breathing difficulty. Healthcare providers assess vital signs and overall condition.
Laboratory Tests
Throat swabs, sputum culture, and rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) to identify bacterial or viral pathogens. Blood tests may be done to check for infection markers.
Imaging Studies
Chest X-rays to detect pneumonia or other lung complications. CT scans may be used for complex cases, especially for diagnosing sinusitis or severe infections.
Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Point-of-care testing for influenza, RSV, and other respiratory viruses. Multiplex PCR assays can detect multiple pathogens simultaneously for accurate diagnosis.
Treatment Options
Supportive Care
Rest, adequate hydration, and symptomatic relief with fever reducers and pain relievers. Most viral infections resolve on their own within 1-2 weeks with proper supportive care.
Antibiotic Therapy
Prescribed only for confirmed bacterial infections such as strep throat, bacterial pneumonia, or severe sinusitis. Common antibiotics include amoxicillin, azithromycin, or amoxicillin-clavulanate.
Antiviral Medications
Used for specific viral infections like influenza when started within 48 hours of symptom onset. Neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir) can reduce symptom duration and severity.
Bronchodilators and Expectorants
Medications to help open airways and clear mucus from the respiratory tract. These may include salbutamol inhalers or oral expectorants for persistent cough.
Home Remedies
Steam Inhalation
Inhaling steam from hot water with a few drops of eucalyptus oil can help clear nasal congestion and soothe respiratory passages. Practice for 10-15 minutes, 2-3 times daily.
Salt Water Gargling
Gargling with warm salt water (1 teaspoon salt in a glass of warm water) helps reduce throat inflammation and clear mucus. Repeat 3-4 times daily.
Honey and Ginger
Honey has antibacterial properties and soothes cough, while ginger has anti-inflammatory effects. Mix honey with fresh ginger juice or warm tea for natural relief.
Turmeric Milk
Turmeric contains curcumin with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Add a pinch of turmeric to warm milk and drink before bedtime to boost immunity.
Adequate Rest and Hydration
Getting plenty of sleep and drinking warm fluids like herbal teas, warm water with lemon, and clear broths helps the body fight infection and speeds recovery.
Preventive Care
- Regular hand washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds
- Vaccination against influenza, pneumococcal infections, and H. influenzae (Hib)
- Avoiding close contact with infected individuals and covering mouth when coughing/sneezing
- Improving indoor air quality by reducing solid fuel use and ensuring proper ventilation
- Maintaining good nutrition and addressing malnutrition, especially in children
- Promoting exclusive breastfeeding for infants to boost immunity
- Avoiding tobacco smoke exposure and reducing outdoor air pollution exposure
- Following respiratory hygiene etiquette in public places and healthcare settings
Schedule a Consultation
If you're experiencing symptoms of respiratory infections, our expert team is here to help you find the right treatment approach for your specific needs.